Nk’icyiciro cy’ingenzi cy’amasahani y’icyuma, amasahani y’ibikoresho afite uruhare runini mu nganda zigezweho. Bitewe n’imiterere yazo yihariye n’imiterere yayo, akoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora imiyoboro y’igitutu kugira ngo yuzuze ibisabwa cyane byo kwirinda igitutu, ubushyuhe n’ingese mu nganda zitandukanye.
Imiterere yihariye n'imikorere
Imiterere y'ibinyabutabire by'amasahani y'ibikoresho ikorwa neza kugira ngo igire imikorere myiza cyane. Uretse ibintu by'ibanze, ibintu nk'ibumba nka chromium, nickel, molybdenum, na vanadium byongerwaho hakurikijwe imiterere itandukanye y'ikoreshwa n'ibisabwa mu mikorere. Kongeramo ibi bintu bishobora kongera imbaraga, gukomera, kurwanya ingese no kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'amasahani y'ibikoresho, bigatuma aba akwiriye imikorere itandukanye igoye.
Ku bijyanye n'imiterere ya mekanike, amakarito afite imbaraga n'ubukomere bihebuje. Ingufu nyinshi zituma zishobora kwihanganira igitutu kinini zidahinduka cyangwa ngo zimeneke; gukomera neza bishobora kwirinda kuvunika nabi bitewe n'imbaraga zo hanze nko gukubita cyangwa kunyeganyega, bigatuma ibikoresho bikoreshwa neza. Muri icyo gihe, imikorere yayo myiza yo gusudira no gutunganya ibintu bituma byoroha gukora imiyoboro y'igitutu ifite imiterere n'imiterere itandukanye kugira ngo ihuze n'ibikenewe mu buhanga bitandukanye.
Ibyiciro byinshi kandi bitandukanye
Dukurikije ibipimo bitandukanye, amasahani y'ibikoresho ashobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bitandukanye. Dukurikije intego, ashobora kugabanywamo icyuma gikoreshwa mu byuma bikoresha umuvuduko rusange, icyuma gikoresha umuvuduko muto w'ubushyuhe, icyuma gikoresha umuvuduko wo hejuru w'ubushyuhe, icyuma gikoresha umuvuduko wo hejuru w'ubushyuhe, nibindi. Icyuma gikoresha umuvuduko rusange w'ubushyuhe gikwiriye ibidukikije bikoresha umuvuduko wo hagati n'ubusanzwe, igipimo cyo hagati n'icyo hasi, kandi ni cyo gikoreshwa cyane; icyuma gikoresha umuvuduko muto w'ubushyuhe gifite ubushyuhe bwo hasi kandi kibereye ibidukikije bikoresha ubushyuhe bwo hasi; icyuma gikoresha umuvuduko wo hejuru w'ubushyuhe gishobora kugumana imikorere ihamye mu bidukikije bikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi gihuye n'ibisabwa mu mikorere isanzwe; icyuma gikoresha umuvuduko wo hejuru w'ubushyuhe gihuza ubudahangarwa bw'icyuma gikoresha umuvuduko wo hasi n'imbaraga z'icyuma gisanzwe, kandi kibereye ahantu hafite ibisabwa byihariye byo kudahangarwa n'umuvuduko wo hasi.
Dukurikije imiterere y’imiti, amasahani y’ibikoresho ashobora kugabanywamo amasahani y’ibikoresho by’icyuma cya karuboni, amasahani y’ibikoresho by’icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma ...
Ahantu hanini ho gukoresha porogaramu
Amasahani y'ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa container afite uburyo bwinshi kandi agira uruhare runini mu nganda nka peteroli, inganda zikora ibinyabutabire, sitasiyo z'amashanyarazi, boilers, nibindi. Mu nganda zikora peteroli, ikoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho nka reactors, ibyuma bihindura ubushyuhe, ibitandukanya, ibigega by'uruziga, ibigega bya peteroli na gazi, hamwe n'ibigega bya gazi byashongeshejwe. Ibi bikoresho bigomba gukora igihe kirekire mu bihe bikomeye nko mu bushyuhe bwinshi, umuvuduko mwinshi, na corruption ikomeye. Imikorere myiza y'amasahani y'ibikoresho itanga garanti yizewe yo gukora neza no mu mutekano.
Mu rwego rw'ibigo by'amashanyarazi n'amabati, amabati akoreshwa mu gukora ibintu by'ingenzi nka boiler drums n'amabati akoreshwa mu gushyushya ingufu za nucleus. Amabati akoreshwa mu gushyushya ingufu agomba kwihanganira umwuka ushyushye cyane n'umuvuduko mwinshi, ibyo bikaba bisaba imbaraga nyinshi cyane no kudakomera ku bushyuhe bwinshi bw'ibikoresho; amabati akoreshwa mu gushyushya ingufu za nucleus afitanye isano n'imikorere myiza y'inganda zikoresha ingufu za nucleus, kandi amahame akomeye ashyirwaho ku bwiza n'imikorere y'amabati.
Byongeye kandi, mu nganda zikora imiti, ibiribwa, kurengera ibidukikije n'izindi nganda, amakarito akoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho bitandukanye byo kubikamo no gukora ibikoresho bivura indwara kugira ngo byuzuze ibisabwa byihariye by'inganda mu bijyanye n'isuku, kurwanya ingese, n'ibindi.
Imiterere itandukanye yo gutanga
Imiterere y'ibicuruzwa by'amabati irimo cyane cyane gushyuha, gucunga neza, kuvugurura, kuvugurura + gushyushya, gushyushya + gukonjesha (gushyushya), n'ibindi. Imiterere itandukanye y'ibicuruzwa ituma amabati y'amabati agaragaza imiterere n'imiterere itandukanye. Mu gihe cyo gushyuha cyane, igiciro cy'icyuma ni gito, ariko imikorere ni mibi; gucunga neza bishobora kunoza ingano no kunoza imbaraga n'ubukomere bw'icyuma binyuze mu kugenzura neza ibipimo by'imikorere yo gucunga; gukosora bishobora gutuma imiterere y'icyuma ingana kandi bikanoza imiterere ya mekanike; gukosora no gukosora bishobora gukuraho stress imbere, kunoza ubukomere n'ubudahangarwa bw'ibipimo; gukosora no gukosora bishobora gutuma icyuma kibona uruvange rwiza rw'imbaraga nyinshi n'ubukomere bwiza.
Guhitamo imiterere ikwiye yo gutanga ibikoresho bisaba gusuzuma ibintu byinshi nko gukoresha, ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya ibikoresho n'igiciro cy'ibikoresho. Urugero, ku bikoresho by'umuvuduko bishobora guhura n'umuvuduko mwinshi n'ingaruka, akenshi hakoreshwa uburyo bwo kuzimya no gushyushya ibikoresho; mu gihe ku bikoresho bimwe na bimwe bishobora kwitabwaho cyane n'igiciro kandi bifite ibisabwa mu mikorere mike, amasahani y'ibikoresho ashyushye cyangwa asanzwe ashobora kuba meza kurushaho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 22 Nyakanga-2025