Itandukaniro ry'ingenzi riri hagati y'imiyoboro ya American Standard (yiganjemo amahame ya ASTM) n'imiyoboro ya Chinese Standard (yiganjemo amahame ya GB) riri mu buryo busanzwe, imiterere y'ibipimo, amanota y'ibikoresho, n'ibisabwa mu bya tekiniki. Hasi hari igereranya rirambuye:
1. Sisitemu Isanzwe n'Ibikorwa Bikorwa
| Icyiciro | Ihame ry’Ubuziranenge ry’Abanyamerika (ASTM) | Ibipimo ngenderwaho by'Abashinwa (GB) |
|---|---|---|
| Amahame Ngenderwaho | Imiyoboro idafite umushono: ASTM A106, A53 Imiyoboro y'icyuma kidakoresha ibyuma: ASTM A312, A269 Imiyoboro ishongeshejwe: ASTM A500, A672 | Imiyoboro idafite umushono: GB/T 8163, GB/T 3087 Imiyoboro y'icyuma kidakoresha ibyuma: GB/T 14976 Imiyoboro ishongeshejwe: GB/T 3091, GB/T 9711 |
| Ingero z'Ikoreshwa | Isoko rya Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, imishinga mpuzamahanga (peteroli na gaze, inganda z'ibinyabutabire), isaba kubahiriza amabwiriza ashyigikira nka API na ASME | Imishinga yo mu gihugu, imwe mu mishinga yo muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba, ijyanye n'ibipimo by'ubwato bukoreshwa na GB hamwe n'imiyoboro |
| Ishingiro ry'Igishushanyo | Yubahiriza amabwiriza ya ASME B31 (imiterere y'imiyoboro y'umuvuduko) | Yubahiriza GB 50316 (Kode yo Gushushanya Imiyoboro y'Ibyuma by'Inganda) |
2. Sisitemu yo Gusobanura Ibipimo by'Uburemere
Iri ni ryo tandukaniro ryumvikana cyane, ryibanda ku birango by'umurambararo w'imiyoboro n'uruhererekane rw'ubugari bw'inkuta.
Ibirango by'umuyoboro w'amazi
- Ingengabihe y’Abanyamerika: Ikoresha Ingano y’Umuyoboro w’Amapine (NPS) (urugero, NPS 2, NPS 4) muri santimetero, idahuye neza n’umurambararo w’inyuma nyawo (urugero, NPS 2 ihuye n’umurambararo w’inyuma wa mm 60.3).
- Igipimo cy’Abashinwa: Gikoresha Diameter Nominal (DN) (urugero, DN50, DN100) muri milimetero, aho agaciro ka DN kari hafi y’umurambararo w’inyuma w’umuyoboro (urugero, DN50 ihwanye n’umurambararo w’inyuma wa 57mm).
Uruhererekane rw'ubunini bw'urukuta
- American Standard: Yemeza urukurikirane rwa Schedule (Sch) (urugero, Sch40, Sch80, Sch160). Ubunini bw'urukuta buriyongera bitewe n'umubare wa Sch, kandi agaciro ka Sch gatandukanye gahuye n'ubunini bw'urukuta butandukanye kuri NPS imwe.
- Igipimo cy’Abashinwa: Gikoresha urwego rw’ubugari bw’inkuta (S), urwego rw’igitutu, cyangwa se rugashyiraho ibirango by’ubugari bw’inkuta (urugero, φ57×3.5). Hari ibipimo bimwe na bimwe bishyigikira imiterere ya Sch series.
3. Ingano y'ibikoresho n'itandukaniro ry'imikorere
| Icyiciro | Ibikoresho Bisanzwe bya Amerika | Ibikoresho Bisanzwe by'Abashinwa Bingana | Itandukaniro mu mikorere |
|---|---|---|---|
| Icyuma cya karuboni | ASTM A106 Gr.B | Icyuma cya GB/T 8163 cy'icyiciro cya 20 | ASTM Gr.B ifite sulfure na fosifore nkeya kandi ifite ubushyuhe buke; Ibyuma bya GB Grade 20 bitanga uburyo bwo kugabanya ikiguzi, kandi birakwiriye mu bihe by'umuvuduko uri hasi kugeza ku gipimo kiri hagati. |
| Icyuma kitagira umwanda | ASTM A312 TP304 | GB/T 14976 06Cr19Ni10 | Imiterere y’imiti isa; American Standard ifite ibisabwa bikomeye byo gupima ingese hagati y’udukoko, mu gihe Chinese Standard igaragaza uburyo butandukanye bwo kuyitanga. |
| Icyuma gito gikozwe mu cyuma | ASTM A335 P11 | GB/T 9948 12Cr2Mo | ASTM P11 itanga imbaraga zihamye kandi zihamye ku bushyuhe bwinshi; GB 12Cr2Mo ikwiriye imiyoboro ya boiler y'imashini zitanga amashanyarazi zo mu rugo |
4. Ibisabwa mu bya tekiniki n'amahame ngenderwaho y'ibizamini
Gupima umuvuduko
- Ihame ry’Abanyamerika: Gupima amazi ni itegeko rifite uburyo bukomeye bwo kubara umuvuduko w’ibizamini, hakurikijwe amabwiriza ya ASME B31; gupima bidasenya (UT / RT) birakenewe kuri zimwe mu miyoboro ifite umuvuduko mwinshi.
- Igipimo cy’Ubushinwa: Isuzuma rya hydrostatic rishobora kuganirwaho iyo rikenewe hamwe n’umuvuduko w’isuzuma ugabanuka; igipimo cy’isuzuma ritangiza kigenwa n’itsinda ry’imiyoboro (urugero, isuzuma rya 100% ry’imiyoboro ya GC1).
Ibisabwa mu gutanga
- Ingengabihe y’Abanyamerika: Imiyoboro itangwa mu buryo busanzwe + bushyushye kandi ikenewe mu gutunganya ubuso neza (urugero, gukamura, gufunga).
- Ibipimo ngenderwaho by'Abashinwa: Bishobora gutangwa mu buryo bushyushye, bukonje, busanzwe, cyangwa ubundi buryo bufite ibisabwa byoroshye mu gutunganya ubuso.
5. Itandukaniro mu buryo bwo guhuza
- Imiyoboro ya American Standard ihuzwa n'ibikoresho (ibice, inkokora) bihuye na ASME B16.5, aho ibice bikunze gukoresha ubuso bwo gufunga bwa RF (Raised Face) n'ibice by'umuvuduko byanditseho Class (urugero: Class 150, Class 300).
- Imiyoboro isanzwe yo mu Bushinwa ihujwe n'ibikoresho bihuye na GB/T 9112-9124, hamwe n'udupira twanditseho PN (urugero, PN16, PN25) ku byiciro by'umuvuduko. Ubwoko bw'ubuso bwo gufunga buhuye na American Standard ariko butandukanye gato mu bipimo.
Inama z'ingenzi zo guhitamo
- Shyira imbere imiyoboro ya American Standard ku mishinga mpuzamahanga; urebe neza ko NPS, Sch series, n'ibyemezo by'ibikoresho byujuje ibisabwa na ASTM.
- Shyira imbere imiyoboro ya Chinese Standard ku mishinga yo mu gihugu bitewe n'ibiciro biri hasi n'ibikoresho bihagije byo kuyishyigikira.
- Ntukavange imiyoboro ya American Standard na Chinese Standard, cyane cyane iyo ukoresheje flanges—kutumvikana neza mu mpande bishobora gutuma ifunga rinanirwa.
Nshobora gutanga imbonerahamwe yo guhindura imiyoboro isanzwe (American Standard NPS vs. Chinese Standard DN) kugira ngo byorohereze guhitamo no guhindura imiyoboro vuba. Wayikenera?
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza 15-2025