Umuyoboro utwikiriwe n'ubushyuhe ni uburyo bwo gufunga imiyoboro bufite ubushyuhe buhagije. Inshingano yawo y'ingenzi ni ukugabanya ubushyuhe bugabanuka mu gihe cyo gutwara ibikoresho (nk'amazi ashyushye, umwuka ushyushye, n'amavuta ashyushye) mu muyoboro, mu gihe urinda umuyoboro ingaruka z'ibidukikije. Ukoreshwa cyane mu bushyuhe bw'inyubako, ubushyuhe bw'uturere, peteroli, ubwubatsi bw'umujyi, n'ibindi bikorwa.
1. Imiterere y'ibanze
Umuyoboro utwikiriwe n'ubushyuhe ubusanzwe ni imiterere y'ibice byinshi igizwe n'ibice bitatu by'ingenzi:
• Umuyoboro w'icyuma ukora: Igice cy'imbere cy'imbere, gishinzwe gutwara ibyuma. Ibikoresho bikunze kuba birimo icyuma kidakora, icyuma gikozwe mu mabati, cyangwa imiyoboro ya pulasitiki, kandi bigomba kuba birwanya umuvuduko no kwangirika.
• Urupapuro rw'ubushyuhe: Urupapuro rwo hagati rw'ingenzi, rushinzwe ubushyuhe. Ibikoresho bisanzwe birimo ifuro rya polyurethane, ubwoya bw'amabuye, ubwoya bw'ibirahure, na polyethylene. Ifuro rya polyurethane ni ryo rikunze gukoreshwa cyane muri iki gihe bitewe n'ubushobozi bwaryo bwo gutwara ubushyuhe buke n'ubushobozi bwiza bwo gukingira.
• Agati ko hanze: Agati ko hanze karinda urwego rwo hejuru rurinda urwego rwo hejuru ku bushyuhe, gusaza, no kwangirika kwa mashini. Ibikoresho bikunze kuba birimo polyethylene ifite ubucucike bwinshi (HDPE), fiberglass, cyangwa irangi rirwanya ingese.
II. Ubwoko bw'ingenzi n'ibiranga
Hashingiwe ku bikoresho byo gukingira n'uburyo bikoreshwa, ubwoko n'imiterere bisanzwe ni ibi bikurikira:
• Umuyoboro wa Polyurethane Ufite Ubushyuhe: Ubushyuhe butwara ≤ 0.024 W/(m·K), ubushobozi bwo gushyushya buhagije, ubushyuhe buke, no kudashaza. Ikwiriye imiyoboro y'amazi ashyushye n'umwuka ifite ubushyuhe buri hagati ya -50°C na 120°C, ni yo mahitamo meza cyane ku buryo bwo gushyushya no gushyushya hasi.
• Umuyoboro Urinda Ubushyuhe bwa Rockwool: Urwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi (kugeza kuri 600°C) kandi ufite ubushobozi bwo gutwika bwinshi (Class A idashya), ariko iyo amazi menshi anyobwa, bisaba ko amazi adashobora gushonga. Ukoreshwa cyane cyane mu miyoboro y’inganda ikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi (nk’imiyoboro y’umwuka w’ubushyuhe).
• Umuyoboro w’ubukonje bw’ikirahure: Uroroshye, ufite ubushyuhe bwiza, kandi udashobora gushyuha hagati ya -120°C na 400°C, ukwiriye imiyoboro y’ubushyuhe buke (nk’imiyoboro ikoresha icyuma gikonjesha) no mu gushyushya imiyoboro mu nyubako za gisivili.
III. Ibyiza by'ingenzi
1. Kuzigama no Kugabanya Ingufu: Bigabanya ubushyuhe mu buryo buciriritse, bigabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu mu bushyuhe, mu nganda, n'ibindi. Gukoresha igihe kirekire bishobora kugabanya cyane ikiguzi cyo gukoresha.
2. Kurinda umuyoboro: Agakoresho ko hanze karinda amazi, ingese y'ubutaka, n'ingaruka za mekanike, bikongera igihe cyo gukora umuyoboro kandi bikagabanya inshuro zo kuwubungabunga.
3. Imikorere y'imiyoboro ihamye: Ibungabunga ubushyuhe buringaniye kugira ngo hirindwe ko ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe ryagira ingaruka ku mikorere (urugero, kubungabunga ubushyuhe bwo mu nzu ku miyoboro ishyushya no kwemeza ko imiyoboro y'inganda ihamye).
4. Gushyiramo byoroshye: Imiyoboro imwe n'imwe ishyushye ikoreshwa mbere, ikenera gusa guhuza no gushyiraho aho hantu, bigabanya igihe cyo kubaka no kugabanya ubukana.
IV. Ubusabe bukurikizwa
• Umujyi: Imiyoboro y'ubushyuhe ikoreshwa mu mijyi n'imiyoboro y'amazi ya robine (kugira ngo hirindwe ubukonje mu gihe cy'itumba).
• Kubaka: Imiyoboro yo gushyushya hasi mu mazu yo guturamo n'ay'ubucuruzi, hamwe n'imiyoboro yo gushyushya no gukonjesha ikoreshwa mu gukonjesha hagati mu kirere.
• Inganda: Imiyoboro ya peteroli ishyushye mu nganda za peteroli n'ibinyabutabire, imiyoboro y'umwuka mu nganda z'amashanyarazi, n'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ikoresha amashanyarazi mu buryo bwa cryogenic mu bijyanye n'ibikoresho bikonjesha.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-26-2025