Insinga zitagira umugese ni ibikoresho bifite uburyo bwinshi bukoreshwa cyane mu nganda zitandukanye bitewe no kuramba kwabyo, kudahura n’ingufu ndetse no gukomera cyane. Gusobanukirwa inzira yo gukora insinga zitagira umugese kuva ku rwego rw’ibikoresho fatizo kugeza ku ikorwa ry’ibicuruzwa ni ingenzi. Iyi nkuru izatanga ibisobanuro birambuye ku buryo bwo gukora insinga zitagira umugese n’ikoranabuhanga ryo kuzitunganya rikoreshwa mu gukora.
Urugendo rwo gukora insinga z'icyuma kidashonga rutangirana no guhitamo ibikoresho fatizo. Igice cy'ingenzi cy'insinga z'icyuma kidashonga ni chromium, yongera ubudahangarwa bw'ingufu ku gicuruzwa cya nyuma. Byongeye kandi, hongerwamo ibindi bintu nka nikeli, karuboni na manganese kugira ngo byongere imiterere yihariye y'insinga, nko gukomera no kuba nziza. Ibi bikoresho fatizo bipimwa neza kandi bigavangwa mu buryo bunoze kugira ngo bigere ku miterere wifuza.
Iyo ibikoresho fatizo bivanzwe, bihita bishonga. Uruvange rushyuha ahantu hagenzurwa cyane, akenshi mu itanura rikoresha amashanyarazi. Uko ubushyuhe bugenda bwiyongera, ibikoresho fatizo birashonga bigahinduka icyuma gikozwe mu mazi. Icyuma gishongeshejwe gisukwa mu byuma bikozwe mu ibumba kugira ngo hakorwe ibikoresho birangira neza nka billets cyangwa ingots.
Intambwe ikurikira mu gikorwa cyo gukora ni ugushyushya ibicuruzwa byarangije kurangira. Ikarito cyangwa ingot birashyuha bikanyuzwa mu migozi myinshi, bigagabanya buhoro buhoro ubunini bwabyo. Uburyo bwo gushyushya bufasha kunoza imiterere y'icyuma kitagira umugese no kunoza imiterere yacyo. Kugabanya ubunini bugerwaho mu gihe cyo gushyushya ni ingenzi kugira ngo haboneke umurambararo w'insinga z'icyuma kitagira umugese wifuza.
Nyuma yo gushyushya, icyuma kitagira umugese kinyura mu nzira yitwa annealing. Annealing ni ugushyushya insinga zitagira umugese ku bushyuhe runaka no kuzigumana mu gihe runaka cyagenwe. Iyi nzira igabanya umuvuduko w'imbere, yoroshya ibikoresho kandi bigatuma birushaho koroha. Annealing inanoza imiterere ya kristalo kandi ikanoza uburyo insinga zikora n'uburyo zikora.
Nyuma yo gukurura insinga, insinga y'icyuma kitagira umugozi iba yiteguye gukururwa mu buryo bukonje. Gukurura insinga mu buryo bukonje bisaba gukurura insinga mu buryo butandukanye kugira ngo igabanye umurambararo wayo buhoro buhoro kandi yongere uburebure bwayo. Ubu buryo kandi bunoza imiterere y'insinga, bukuraho stress iyo ari yo yose isigaye imbere kandi bunoze imiterere yayo. Insinga z'icyuma kitagira umugozi zishobora gukururwa inshuro nyinshi kugira ngo zigere ku murambararo wifuzwa, zigatanga ubuziranenge n'ubuziranenge.
Intambwe ya nyuma mu gukora ni ugutunganya ubuso. Insinga z'icyuma zitagira umugese akenshi zisaba gutunganya ubuso nko gukamura, gukamura cyangwa gusiga, bitewe n'uko zigenewe gukoreshwa. Gukamura bikubiyemo gukuraho ubugari cyangwa imyanda ku buso bw'insinga, mu gihe gukamura bitanga urwego rworoshye rwa okiside rutuma habaho ubudahangarwa bw'ingese. Gukamura nko gusiga amashanyarazi cyangwa gusiga ibyuma bishobora no gukoreshwa mu gutanga uburinzi bwiyongereye cyangwa kunoza imiterere y'insinga.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-09-2024