Icyuma Cyuma Cyuzuye Cyuzuye Cyiza

Icyuma (Fe): nikintu cyibanze cyibanze cyicyuma;

Chromium (Cr): nikintu nyamukuru kigizwe na ferrite, chromium ihujwe na ogisijeni irashobora kubyara firime ya Cr2O3 idashobora kwangirika, nikimwe mubintu byibanze byibyuma bitagira umwanda kugirango ibungabunge ruswa, ibirimo chromium byongera ubushobozi bwa firime ya passivation yo gusana ibyuma, ibintu rusange bya chromium bitagira umwanda bigomba kuba hejuru ya 12%;

Carbone (C): nikintu gikomeye cya austenite ikora, irashobora kuzamura cyane imbaraga zicyuma, usibye karubone mukurwanya ruswa nayo igira ingaruka mbi;

Nickel (Ni): nikintu nyamukuru gikora austenite, gishobora kugabanya kwangirika kwicyuma no gukura kwintete mugihe cyo gushyushya;

Molybdenum (Mo): ni ibintu bigize karbide, karbide yakozwe irahagaze neza cyane, irashobora gukumira imikurire yintete ya austenite iyo ishyutswe, igabanya ubukana bukabije bwibyuma, byongeye kandi, molybdenum irashobora gutuma firime ya passivation iba myinshi kandi ikomeye, bityo bikazamura neza ibyuma bitagira umwanda Cl- ruswa;

Niobium, titanium (Nb, Ti): ni karbide ikomeye ikora ibintu, irashobora kunoza ibyuma birwanya ruswa. Nyamara, karbide ya titanium igira ingaruka mbi kumiterere yubuso bwibyuma bitagira umwanda, bityo ibyuma bitagira umuyonga hamwe nibisabwa hejuru cyane biratera imbere muri rusange wongeyeho niobium kugirango utezimbere imikorere.

Azote (N): nikintu gikomeye cya austenite ikora, irashobora kuzamura cyane imbaraga zicyuma. Ariko gusaza kumeneka kwicyuma kitagira umwanda bigira ingaruka zikomeye, kubwibyo ibyuma bitagira umwanda mugushiraho kashe kugirango bigenzure neza ibirimo azote.

Fosifore, sulfure (P, S): ni ikintu cyangiza mu byuma bitagira umwanda, kurwanya ruswa no gutera kashe ya cyuma ntigishobora kugira ingaruka mbi.