Nk'umusaruro w'ingenzi w'inganda zikora ibyuma bidakoresha feri kandi "nk'umugongo utagaragara" w'inganda, isoko rya aluminiyumu ririmo kwinjira mu mpinduka zikomeye. Mu gihembwe cya kabiri cya 2026, isoko mpuzamahanga rya aluminiyumu, riyobowe n'imbogamizi zikomeye zo gutanga ibicuruzwa ndetse n'ubwiyongere bw'ibikenewe mu miterere, ryagaragaje imiterere y'"ihindagurika ry'urwego rwo hejuru n'izamuka ry'agaciro k'ibanze." Ibikoresho bya aluminiyumu, nk'umusaruro w'ingenzi mu gutunganya aluminiyumu, icyarimwe biri kugenda bigana ku ntambwe nshya y'iterambere ry'ubuziranenge rirangwa no kuvugurura ikoranabuhanga, gukoresha ibidukikije n'ibikoresho bike bya karuboni, hamwe n'ikoreshwa ry'ibikenewe ku rwego rwo hejuru.
I. Gukabya Itangwa ry’Amasoko ku Isi Bishyigikira Ibiciro Bihanitse bya Aluminiyumu Byagizweho ingaruka n’amakimbirane ya politiki y’isi ndetse n’imbogamizi z’ubushobozi, ikibazo cy’itangwa ry’amasoko ku isi gikomeje gukabya. Mu mpera za Werurwe, inyubako zikomeye zikora aluminiyumu mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati zagize ingaruka, bituma habaho impungenge zikomeye ku isoko ku bijyanye n’ihungabana ry’itangwa ry’amasoko ndetse binatuma ibiciro bya aluminiyumu ya LME bigera ku madolari 3492 kuri toni, mu gihe ibiciro bya aluminiyumu ya Shanghai byazamutse bigera kuri yuan 24665 kuri toni. Mu ntangiriro za Mata, ububiko bwa aluminiyumu ya LME bwari bwaragabanutse ku rwego rwo hasi mu mateka, kandi icyuho cy’itangwa ry’amasoko ku isi cyagaragajwe n’ibigo ko cyagutse kigera kuri toni miliyoni 1.15-1.5. Mu gihugu, ubushobozi bwo gukora aluminiyumu ya electrolytic burimo kubahiriza itegeko ntarengwa rya toni miliyoni 45, hamwe n’ubushobozi bushya bwo kongeramo mu 2026, kandi igipimo cy’imikorere kiracyari ku rwego rwo hejuru rwa 97.5%. Ubu buryo bukomeye butanga inkunga ikomeye ku biciro bya aluminiyumu kandi butuma isoko rya aluminiyumu rihora rihagaze neza kandi rikagira ubukungu buhamye.
II. Iterambere ryihuse ry'ikoranabuhanga: Ibikoresho bya aluminiyumu byo mu rwego rwo hejuru biba ari byo byibandwaho mu irushanwa
Muri iki gihe, inganda z’ubukorikori bwa aluminiyumu mu Bushinwa zirimo kwihutisha impinduka ziva mu kwaguka k’ubunini zijya mu kunoza ubuziranenge. Ikoranabuhanga ry’inganda rigaragaza ibintu bitatu by’ingenzi:
1. Ibikoresho binini kandi by’ubwenge bwo gukurura: Igipimo cy’inganda nini zo gukurura zikonje cyariyongereye kuva kuri 35% mu myaka yashize kigera kuri 65%, umuvuduko wo gukurura warenze 2500m/min, kandi ubushobozi bwa buri mwaka kuri buri mashini bwariyongereye cyane.
2. Ibicuruzwa birimo gutera imbere bigana ku buryo bworoshye cyane, bukomeye cyane, kandi bunoze: Ubusabe bw'ibyuma bya aluminiyumu byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, bigaragazwa na bateri na aluminiyumu, buri kwiyongera cyane. Ibigo byo mu gihugu byashoboye gukora neza uduce twa aluminiyumu tworoshye cyane twa 0.006mm, hamwe n'ibipimo by'ingenzi nko kugenzura umwobo w'imashini bigeze ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
3. Kwemeza mu buryo bugezweho uburyo bwo gukora ibintu bidafite karuboni nyinshi n’ibidafite karuboni nyinshi: Ikoranabuhanga rikoresha karuboni nkeya hamwe n’ubushyuhe bukoreshwa cyane. Ibyuma bya aluminiyumu byemewe n’icyatsi kibisi bikurikiza amabwiriza ya ISO 14064 ubu bifite 28% by’ubushobozi bwo gukora, bikaba ari ngombwa kugira ngo haboneke amasoko mu nganda z’imodoka n’ubwubatsi.
III. Ikoreshwa ry'ibikorwa bitandukanye: Ingufu nshya n'ubwubatsi nk'ibintu bibiri biyobora
Imashini za aluminiyumu, zifite ubushobozi bworoshye bwo kuzikoresha, zirinda ingese, zoroshye kuzitunganya, kandi zishobora kongera gukoreshwa 100%, zikomeje kwiyongera.
Urwego Rushya rw'Ingufu: Iterambere rikomeye ry'inganda zikora bateri z'amashanyarazi n'izibika ingufu ryatumye abantu benshi bakenera bateri za aluminiyumu. Amasosiyete menshi arimo kwihutisha kwagura ubushobozi bw'ibikoresho; urugero, Lida New Materials iherutse gutangaza ishoramari rya miliyoni 280 z'amayuan mu kubaka umushinga mushya wa bateri za aluminiyumu. Hagati aho, gukoresha imiyoboro ya aluminiyumu irwanya static mu gukora bateri za lithium bikemura neza ibyago byo gusohora no guturika kw'amashanyarazi, bikaba ngombwa mu nganda.
Urwego rw'Imitako y'Ubwubatsi: Imashini za aluminiyumu zipfutse fluorocarbon hamwe na aluminium-magnesium-manganese alloy coils, zifite ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ikirere kirekire (kugeza ku myaka 30), zidashobora kuvogerwa n'amazi 100%, kandi zifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo gushushanya, zikoreshwa cyane mu nyubako zikomeye nk'ibibuga by'indege na sitasiyo za gari ya moshi zihuta cyane. Isoko rya aluminium coil mu ntara ya Shandong ryonyine riteganijwe kugera kuri miliyari 19 z'amayuan mu 2026.
Izindi nzego: Ubusabe bw'ibyuma bya aluminiyumu butuma habaho iterambere rirambye mu nzego nko gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi mu modoka, gupakira ibiribwa n'imiti, ndetse n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga.
IV. Ishusho y'Isoko: Imiterere y'Isoko irakomeje, Ingengo zo mu rwego rwo hejuru zitanga amahirwe menshi
Mu gihe urebye imbere, isoko rya aluminiyumu rizakomeza kuzamuka mu miterere yaryo. Ku ruhande rumwe, aluminiyumu isanzwe izakomeza kuzamuka bitewe n’ibiciro; ku rundi ruhande, aluminiyumu isanzwe izakomeza kuzamuka bitewe n’ibiciro; ku rundi ruhande, aluminiyumu isanzwe ikoreshwa mu buryo bwa alloy, aluminiyumu isanzwe ikoreshwa mu buryo bwa bateri, n’ibice bya aluminiyumu bifite karuboni nkeya, bitewe n’inzitizi nyinshi z’ikoranabuhanga n’ubukene bukabije, bizakomeza kuzamuka cyane. Impuguke mu nganda zigaragaza ko nubwo hari intego za "karuboni ebyiri" no kuvugurura inganda, ihangana ry’inganda za aluminiyumu ryahindutse kuva ku giciro rijya ku ikoranabuhanga, ireme, n’impamyabushobozi y’ibidukikije. Mu gihe kizaza, amasosiyete afite ubuhanga mu nganda zikora ibintu bigezweho n’ikoranabuhanga rikoresha karuboni nkeya azabona inyungu mu cyiciro gikurikira cyo kuvugurura inganda, bigatuma inganda zo mu Bushinwa zitunganya aluminiyumu zijya ku rwego rwo hejuru rw’uruhererekane rw’agaciro ku isi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mata-03-2026